In an age where car maintenance can quickly drain your wallet, learning how to perform basic vehicle inspections at home has never been more essential. Whether you’re prepping for a long road trip or just want to keep your car in top shape, these 10 simple DIY checks can save you time, money, and frustration—no mechanic required.
1. Tire Tread Depth: The Penny Test
Tires are your car’s lifeline to the road, and maintaining tread depth is vital for safety and performance. An easy way to check this at home is the penny test. Insert a penny into the tire tread with Lincoln’s head facing down. If you can see the top of Lincoln’s head, your tread is too worn and it’s time for a replacement. For a more precise measurement, invest in a tread depth gauge, available at most auto parts stores for just a few dollars.
2. Tire Pressure: A Quick Check for Safety and Savings
Underinflated or overinflated tires can lead to uneven wear, poor fuel efficiency, and reduced safety. Checking tire pressure is simple with a tire pressure gauge—a small tool that’s easy to use and store in your glove compartment. Compare your readings to the recommended pressure found in your car’s manual or the sticker inside the driver’s door. Proper inflation can improve gas mileage and extend tire life.
3. Oil Levels: Your Engine’s Lifeblood
Oil keeps your engine running smoothly, and low oil levels can cause catastrophic damage. To check your oil:
- Open the hood and locate the dipstick.
- Pull it out, wipe it clean, and reinsert it.
- Pull it out again and look at the level—make sure it’s between the “min” and “max” marks.
Top off with the correct oil type if needed (refer to your manual), and remember to check oil levels once a month.
4. Brake Pads: Staying Safe on the Road
Brake pads wear down over time and need regular inspections. Look through the wheel spokes or remove the wheel to view the brake pads. If they’re less than ¼ inch thick, it’s time to replace them. Worn brake pads can damage your rotors, leading to more expensive repairs. A quick check today could save you a hefty mechanic bill tomorrow.
5. Coolant Levels: Prevent Overheating
The coolant system keeps your engine from overheating, but it’s often neglected. Check the coolant reservoir—a clear tank near the radiator—and ensure the fluid sits between the “min” and “max” lines. Never open the cap when the engine is hot, as it’s under pressure. Top it off with the correct coolant type if the level is low.
6. Belts and Hoses: Spotting Cracks and Leaks
Belts and hoses are critical for your engine’s performance. Use a flashlight to look for cracks, leaks, fraying, or bulges. Give hoses a gentle squeeze—if they feel overly soft, it could indicate wear. Replacing worn belts and hoses early prevents unexpected breakdowns and costly repairs.
7. Battery Health: Avoid Getting Stranded
A dead battery can leave you stuck, but testing it is simple. Use a multimeter to check the battery voltage:
- 12.6 volts or higher means a fully charged battery.
- Anything below 12 volts might indicate a weak battery.
Additionally, inspect the battery terminals for corrosion. If you spot buildup, clean it with a mix of baking soda and water to ensure a good connection.
8. Lights and Signals: Be Seen and Safe
Headlights, brake lights, turn signals, and hazard lights are all crucial for safe driving. Test each light by having a friend check or using reflections against a garage door or wall. If a bulb is out, replacements are inexpensive and easy to install with basic tools.
9. Wiper Blades and Washer Fluid: Clear Vision, Always
Don’t wait until you’re caught in a storm to discover your wipers are failing. Inspect wiper blades for streaking, cracks, or skipping. Replace them at least once a year. While you’re at it, ensure your washer fluid reservoir is full—especially during winter months when visibility can be compromised.
10. Air Filter: Improve Performance and Efficiency
A dirty air filter reduces your engine’s efficiency and performance. Locate the filter (usually in a rectangular housing under the hood), pull it out, and hold it up to the light. If you can’t see light passing through, it’s time for a replacement. Most air filters are inexpensive and can be swapped in minutes.
Why DIY Inspections Matter
Performing these 10 simple DIY vehicle inspections takes less than an hour but can save you hundreds of dollars in repairs and prevent breakdowns. From tire health to oil checks and battery maintenance, these tasks are easy to learn and require minimal tools.
By catching small issues early, you’ll extend the life of your car, improve its performance, and ensure your safety on the road.
So, pop the hood, grab your tools, and start inspecting—your car will thank you!